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Egypt History
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HistoryHistory of an Empire.
5000 B.C. Egyptian culture already well established in the Nile Valley, with Neolithic farming villages.
3200 B.C. Menes united Lower Egypt (the delta) with his own kingdom of Upper Egypt.
2800 B.C. The architect Imhotep built the step pyramid at Sakkara.
2600 B.C. The Old Kingdom reached the height of its power and the kings of the 4th dynasty built the pyramids at Giza.
2200-1800 B.C. Middle Kingdom, under which the unity lost toward the end of the Old Kingdom was restored.
1730 B.C. Invading Asian Hyksos people established their kingdom in the Nile Delta.
1580 B.C. New Kingdom established by the 18th dynasty, following the eviction of the Hyksos, with its capital at Thebes. High point of ancient Egyptian civilization under pharaohs Thothmes, Hatshepsut, Amenhotep, Ikhnaton (who moved the capital to Akhetaton), and Tutankhamen.1321 B.C. 19th dynasty: Ramses I built a temple at Karnak, Ramses II the temple at Abu Simbel.
1191 B.C. Ramses III defeated the Indo-European Sea Peoples, but after him there was decline, and power within the country passed from the pharaohs to the priests of Ammon.
1090-663 B.C. Late New Kingdom Egypt was often divided between two or more dynasties; the nobles became virtually independent.
8th-7th centuries B.C. Brief interlude of rule by kings from Nubia.
666 B.C. The Assyrians under Ashurbanipal occupied Thebes.
663-609 B.C. Psammetichus I restored Egypt's independence and unity. 525 B.C. Egypt was conquered by Cambyses and became a persian province.
405-340 B.C. A period of independence.
332 B.C. Conquest by Alexander the Great. On the division of his empire, Egypt went to one of his generals, Ptolemy I, and his descendents, the Macedonian dynasty.
30 B.C. Death of Cleopatra, last of thr Macedonians, and conquest by the Roman emperor Augustus; Egypt became a province of the Roman and Byzantine empires.
